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Osteomyelitis is a serious infection of the bone, typically caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. It can develop through the bloodstream, from nearby infected tissue, or following bone injury or surgery. The condition can affect any bone but is most common in the long bones of the arms and legs in children, and in the spine, pelvis, or feet in adults. Symptoms often include localized bone pain, swelling, redness, warmth, fever, and fatigue. Chronic osteomyelitis may also lead to drainage of pus from the affected area.

Diagnosis usually involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging. Blood tests may reveal elevated white blood cell counts and inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Imaging techniques like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans help identify bone damage, while bone scans or biopsies may confirm the infection and identify the causative microorganism.

Treatment often requires prolonged courses of antibiotics, sometimes lasting several weeks, administered orally or intravenously depending on severity. In severe cases, surgical intervention is necessary to remove infected or dead bone tissue and promote healing. Supportive care may include pain management and physical therapy to restore function. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent complications such as chronic infection, bone necrosis, or systemic spread, which can significantly affect mobility and overall health. Osteomyelitis underscores the importance of prompt medical attention for bone infections.